From the Gironde’s estuary to the Pyrenean moutains, Aquitaine knew a Basque influence (Vascons) ; Roland was killed by them at Roncevaux.
All time long, a rebel spirit has smouldered in this region. It belonged to the English crown as duchy of Guyenne.
From Bearn is issued king Henri of Navarre who restored peace after religions' wars as king Henri IV.

Henri IV - Castle of Versailles